fob贸易术语- 国际贸易术语FOB

FOB贸易术语分为几种？怎么去理解它们，要详细解释

一、对FOB术语的解释FREEONBOARD(…namedportofshipment),即装运港船上交货（……指定装运港）。此术语是指卖方在约定的装运港将货物交到买方指定的船上。按照《2000年通则》规定，此术语只能适用于海运和内河航运。但是，如合同当事人不采用越过船舷交货，则采用FCA术语更为适宜。(一)买卖双方基本义务的划分按国际商会对FOB的解释，买卖双方各自承担的基本义务。概括起来，可作如下划分：1．卖方义务(1)在合同规定的时间或期限内，在装运港，按照习惯方式将货物交到买方指派的船上，并及时通知买方。(2)自负风险和费用，取得出口许可证或其他官方批准证件。在需要办理海关手续时，办理货物出口所需的一切海关手续。(3)负担货物在装运港越过船舷为止的一切费用和风险；(4)自付费用提供证明货物已交至船上的通常单据。如果买卖双方约定采用电子通讯，则所有单据均可被具有同等效力的电子数据交换(EDI)信息所代替。2．买方义务(1)自负风险和费用取得进口许可证或其他官方批准的证件。在需要办理海关手续时，办理货物进口以及经由他国过境的一切海关手续，并支付有关费用及过境费；(2)负责租船或订舱，支付运费，并给予卖方关于船名、装船地点和要求交货时间的充分的通知；(3)负担货物在装运港越过船舷后的一切费用和风险；(4)接受卖方提供的有关单据，受领货物，并按合同规定支付货款。(二)《1941年美国对外贸易定义修订本》对FOB的解释《1941年美国对外贸易定义修订本》对FOB的解释分为六种，其中只有：指定装运港船上交货”(FOBVessel，"namedportofshipment”)与《2000年通则》对FOB术语的解释相近。所以，《1941年美国对外贸易定义修订本》对FOB的解释与运用，同国际上的一般解释与运用有明显的差异，这主要表现在下列几方面：1．美国惯例把FOB笼统地解释为在某处某种运输工具上交货，其适用范围很广，因此，在同美国、加拿大等国的商人按FOB订立合同时，除必须标明装运港名称外，还必须在FOB后加上“船舶”(Vessel)字样。如果只订为“FOBSanFrancisco”而漏写“Vessel”字样,则卖方只负责把货物运到旧金山城内的任何处所，不负责把货物运到旧金山港口并交到船上。2．在风险划分上，不是以装运港船舷为界，而是以船舱为界，即卖方负担货物装到船舱为止所发生的一切丢失与损坏。3．在费用负担上，规定买方要支付卖方协助提供出口单证的费用以及出口税和因出口而产生的其他费用。（三）FOB的变形在按FOB条件成交时，卖方要负责支付货物装上船之前的一切费用。但各国对于“装船”的概念没有统一的解释，有关装船的各项费用由谁负担，各国的惯例或习惯做法也不完全一致。如果采用班轮运输，船方管装管卸，装卸费计入班轮运费之中，自然由负责租船的买方承担；而采用程租船运输，船方一般不负担装卸费用。这就必须明确装船的各项费用应由谁负担。为了说明装船费用的负担问题，双方往往在FOB术语后加列附加条件，这就形成了FOB的变形。主要包括以下几种：1．FOBLinerTenns(FOB班轮条件)这一变形是指装船费用按照班轮的做法处理，即由船方或买方承担。所以，采用这一变形，卖方不负担装船的有关费用。2．FOBUnderTackle(FOB吊钩下交货)指卖方负担费用将货物交到买方指定船只的吊钩所及之处，而吊装入舱以及其他各项费用，概由买方负担。3．FOBStowed(FOB理舱费在内)指卖方负责将货物装入船舱并承担包括理舱费在内的装船费用。理舱费是指货物人舱后进行安置和整理的费用。4．FOBTrimmed(FOB平舱费在内)指卖方负责将货物装入船舱并承担包括平舱费在内的装船费用。平舱费是指对装入船舱的散装货物进行平整所需的费用。在许多标准合同中，为表明由卖方承担包括理舱费和平舱费在内的各项装船费用，常采用FOBST(FOBStowedandTrimmed)方式。FOB的上述变形，只是为了表明装船费用由谁负担而产生的，并不改变FOB的交货地点以及风险划分的界限。《2000年通则》指出，《通则》对这些术语后的添加词句不提供任何指导规定，建议买卖双方应在合同中加以明确。二、对CFR术语的解释COSTANDFREIGHT(．．．Namedportofdestination)，即成本加运费(……指定目的港)。此术语是指卖方必须负担货物运至约定目的港所需的成本和运费。这里所指的成本相当于FOB价，故CFR术语是在FOB价的基础上加上装运港至目的港的通常运费。《2000年通则》指出，CFR是全球广泛接受的“成本加运费”术语的惟一的标准代码，不应再使用C＆F(或CandF，C+F)这种传统的术语。在《2000年通则》中，明确规定CFR术语只能适用于海运和内河航运。如合同当事人不采用越过船舷交货，则应使用CPT术语。(一)买卖双方基本义务的划分按国际商会对CFR的解释，买卖双方各自承担的基本义务，概括起来，可作如下划分：1．卖方义务(1)自负风险和费用，取得出口许可证或其他官方批准的证件，在需要办理海关手续时，办理货物出口所需的一切海关手续。(2)签订从指定装运港承运货物运往指定目的港的运输合同；在买卖合同规定的时间和港口，将货物装上船并支付至目的港的运费；装船后及时通知买方。(3)承担货物在装运港越过船舷为止的一切风险。(4)向买方提供通常的运输单据，如买卖双方约定采用电子通讯，则所有单据均可被同等效力的电子数据交换(EDI)信息所代替。2．买方义务(1)自负风险和费用，取得进口许可证或其他官方批准的证件，在需要办理海关手续时，办理货物进口以及必要时经由另一国过境的一切海关手续，并支付有关费用及过境费。(2)承担货物在装运港越过船舷以后的一切风险。(3)接受卖方提供的有关单据，受领货物，并按合同规定支付货款。(4)支付除通常运费以外的有关货物在运输途中所产生的各项费用以及包括驳运费和码头费在内的卸货费。(二)使用CFR的注意事项1．卖方应及时发出装船通知按CFR条件成交时，由卖方安排运输，由买方办理货运保险。如卖方不及时发出装船通知，则买方就无法及时办理货运保险，甚至有可能出现漏保货运险的情况。因此，卖方装船后务必及时向买方发出装船通知，否则，卖方应承担货物在运输途中的风险和损失。2．按CFR进口应慎重行事在进口业务中，按CF、R条件成交时，鉴于由外商安排装运，由我方负责保险，故应选择资信好的国外客户成交，并对船舶提出适当要求，以防外商与船方勾结，出具假提单，租用不适航的船舶，或伪造品质证书与产地证明。若出现这类情况，会使我方蒙受不应有的损失。(三)CFR的变形按CFR术语成交，如货物是使用班轮运输，运费由CFR合同的卖方支付，在目的港的卸货费用实际上由卖方负担。大宗商品通常采用租船运输，如船方按不负担装卸费条件出租船舶，故卸货费究竟由何方负担，买卖双方应在合同中订明。为了明确责任，可在CFR术语后加列表明卸货费由谁负担的具体条件：(1)CFRLinerTerms(CFR班轮条件)这是指卸货费按班轮办法处理，即买方不负担卸货费。(2)CFRLanded(CFR卸到岸上)这是指由卖方负担卸货费，其中包括驳运费在内。(3)CFREXTackle(CFR吊钩下交货)这是指卖方负责将货物从船舱吊起卸到船舶吊钩所及之处(码头上或驳船上)的费用。在船舶不能靠岸的情况下，租用驳船的费用和货物从驳船卸到岸上的费用，概由买方负担。(4)CFRExShip'sHold(CFR舱底交货)这是指货物运到目的港后，由买方自行启舱，并负担货物从舱底卸到码头的费用。应当指出，在CFR术语的附加条件，只是为了明确卸货费由何方负担，其交货地点和风险划分的界线，并无任何改变。《2000年通则》对术语后加列的附加条件不提供公认的解释，建议买卖双方通过合同条款加以规定。三、对CIF术语的解释COST,INSURANCEANDFREIGHT(．．．Namedportofdestination)，即成本、保险费加运费(……指定目的港)。按《2000年通则》的规定，CIF术语只能适用于海运和内河航运。如合同双方不采用越过船舷交货，则使用CIP术语更为适宜。(一)买卖双方基本义务的划分按CIF术语成交，是指卖方必须在合同规定的日期或期间内在装运港将货物交至运往指定目的港的船上，负担货物越过船舷为止的一切费用和货物灭失或损坏的风险，负责租船订舱，支付从装运港到目的港的正常运费，并负责办理货运保险，支付保险费。由此可以看出，CIF术语除具有CFR术语相同的义务外，卖方还应负责办理货运保险和支付保险费。(二)使用CIF术语应注意的事项1．CIF合同属于“装运合同”在CIF术语下，卖方在装运港将货物装上船，即完成了交货义务。因此，采用CIF术语订立的合同属于“装运合同”。但是，由于在CIF术语后所注明的是目的港(例如“CIF伦敦”)，在我国曾将CIF术语译作“到岸价”，所以CIF合同的法律性质常被误解为“到货合同”。为此必须明确指出，CIF以及其他C组术语(CFR、CFr、CIP)与F组术语(FCA、FAS、FOB)一样，卖方在装运地完成交货义务，采用这些术语订立的买卖合同均属“装运合同”性质。按此类术语成交的合同，卖方在装运地(港)将货物交付装运后，对货物可能发生的任何风险不再承担责任。2．卖方办理保险的责任在CIF合同中，卖方是为了买方的利益办理货运保险的，因为此项保险主要是为了保障货物装船后在运输途中的风险。《2000年通则》对卖方的保险责任规定：如无相反的明示协议，卖方只须按《协会货物保险条款》或其他类似的保险条款中最低责任的保险险别投保。如买方有要求，并由买方负担费用，卖方应在可能情况下投保战争、罢工、暴动和民变险。最低保险金额应为合同规定的价款加10％，并以合同货币投保。在实际业务中，为了明确责任，我外贸企业在与国外客户洽谈交易采用CIF术语时，一般都应在合同中具体规定保险金额、保险险别和适用的保险条款。3．象征性交货问题从交货方式来看，CIF是一种典型的象征性交货(SymbolicDelivery)。所谓象征性交货，是针对实际交货(PhysicalDelivery)而言。前者指卖方只要按期在约定地点完成装运，并向买方提交合同规定的包括物权凭证在内的有关单证，就算完成了交货义务，而无需保证到货。后者则是指卖方要在规定的时间和地点，将符合合同规定的货物提交给买方或其指定人，而不能以交单代替交货。在象征性交货方式下，卖方是凭单交货，买方是凭单付款，只要卖方按时向买方提交了符合合同规定的全套单据，即使货物在运输途中损坏或灭失，买方也必须履行付款义务。反之，如果卖方提交的单据不符合要求，即使货物完好无损地运达目的地，买方仍有权拒付货款。由此可见，CIF交易实际上是一种单据的买卖。所以，装运单据在CIF交易中具有特别重要的意义。但是，必须指出，按CIF术语成交，卖方履行其交单义务，只是得到买方付款的前提条件，除此之外，他还必须履行交货义务。如果卖方提交的货物不符合要求，买方即使已经付款，仍然可以根据合同的规定向卖方提出索赔。(三)CIF的变形在国际贸易中，大宗商品的交易通常采用程租船运输，在多数情况下，船公司一般是不负担装卸费的。因此，在CIF条件下，买卖双方容易在卸货费由何方负担的问题上引起争议。为了明确责任，买卖双方应在合同中对卸货费由谁负担的问题作出明确具体的规定。如买方不愿负担卸货费，在商订合同时，可要求在CIF术语后加列“LinerTerms”(班轮条件)或“Landed”(卸到岸上)或“ExTackle"(吊钩下交货)字样。如卖方不愿负担卸货费，在商订合同时，可要求在CIF术语后加列“ExShip'sHold”(舱底交货)字样。上述CIF术语后加列各种附加条件，如同CfR术语后加列各种附加条件一样，只是为了明确卸货费由谁负担，并不影响交货地点和风险转移的界线。

国际贸易术语FOB是什么意思？

FOB（FreeOnBoard的首字母缩写），也称“离岸价”，是国际贸易中常用的贸易术语之一。按离岸价进行的交易，买方负责派船接运货物，卖方应在合同规定的装运港和规定的期限内将货物装上买方指定的船只，并及时通知买方。货物在装运港被装上指定船时，风险即由卖方转移至买方。

有关FOB贸易术语的英文解释？？？

FOBFREE ON BOARD(... named port of shipment)“Free on Board means that the seller delivers when the goods pass the ships rail at the named port of shipment. This means that the buyer has to bear all costs and risks of loss of or damage to the goods from that point. The FOB term requires the seller to clear the goods for export. This term can be used only for sea or inland waterway transport. If the parties do not intend to deliver the goods across the ships rail, the FCA term should he used.ATHE SELLERS OBLIGATIONSBTHE BUYERS OBLIGATIONSA1 Provision of goods in conformity with the contractThe seller must provide the goods and the commercial invoice, or its equivalent electronic message, in conformity with the contract of sale and any other evidence of conformity winch may be required by the contract.B1 Payment of the priceThe buyer must pay the price as provided in the contract of sale.A2 Licences, authorisations and formalitiesThe seller must obtain at his own risk and expense any export licence or other official authorisation and carry out, where applicable1 , all customs formalities necessary for the export of the goods.B2 Licences, authorisations and formalitiesThe buyer must obtain at his own risk and expense any import licence or other official authorisation and carry out, where applicable2, all customs formalities for the import of the goods and, where necessary, for their transit through any country .A3 Contracts of carriage and insurancea) Contract of carriage No obligation3b) Contract of insuranceNo obligation 4 .B3 Contract of carriage and insurancea) Contract of carriageThe buyer must contract at his own expense for the carriage of the goods from the named port of shipment.b) Contract of insuranceNo obligation.5A4 DeliveryThe seller must deliver the goods on the date or within the agreed period at the named port of shipment and in the manner customary at the port on board the vessel nominated by the buyer.B4 Taking deliveryThe buyer must take delivery of the goods when they have been delivered in accordance with A4.A5 Transfer of risksThe seller must, subject to the provisions of B5, bear all risks of loss of or damage to the goods until such time as they have passed the ships rail at the named port of shipment.B5 Transfer of risksThe buyer must bear all risks of loss of or damage to the goodsfrom the time they have passed the ships rail at the named port of shipment; andfrorn the agreed date or the expiry date of the agreed period for delivery which arise because he fails to give notice in accordance with B7, or because the vessel nominated by him flails to arrive on time, or is unable to take the goods, or closes for cargo earlier than the time notified in accordance with B7, provided, however, that the goods have been duly appropriated to the contract, that is to say, clearly set aside or otherwise identified as the contract goods.A6 Division of costsThe seller must, subject to the provisions of B6, payall costs relating to the goods until such time as they have passed the ships rail at the named port of shipment; andwhere applicable6 , the costs of customs formalities necessary for export as well as all duties, taxes and other charges payable upon export.B6 Division of costsThe buyer must payall costs relating to the goods from the time they have passed the ship s rail at the named port of shipment; andany additional costs incurred, either because the vessel nominated by him fails to arrive on time, or is unable to take the goods, or closes for cargo earlier than the time notified in accordance with B7, or because the buyer has failed to give appropriate notice in accordance with B7, provided, however, that the goods have been duly appropriated to the contract, that is to say, clearly set aside or otherwise identified as the contract goods; andwhere applicable7,all duties, taxes and other charges as well as the costs of carrying out customs formalities payable upon import of the goods and for their transit through any country.A7 Notice to the buyerThe seller must give the buyer sufficient notice that the goods have been delivered in accordance with A4.B7 Notice to the buyerThe buyer must give the seller sufficient notice of the vessel name, loading point and required delivery time.A8 Proof of delivery, transport document or equivalent electronic messageThe seller must provide the buyer at the sellers expense with the usual proof of delivery in accordance with A4.Unless the document referred to in the preceding paragraph is the transport document, the seller must render the buyer, at the latters request, risk and expense, every assistance in obtaining a transport document for the contract of carriage (for example, a negotiable bill of lading, a non -negotiable sea waybill, an inland waterway document, or a multimodal transport document) .Where the seller and the buyer have agreed to communicate electronically, the document referred to in the preceding paragraph may be replaced by an equivalent electronic data interchange (EDI) message.Proof of delivery, transport document or equivalent electronic message The buyer must accept the proof of delivery in accordance with A8.A9 Checking - packaging - markingThe seller must pay the costs of those checking operations ( such as checking quality, measuring, weighing, counting) which are necessary for the purpose of delivering the goods in accordance with A4.The seller must provide at his own expense packaging (unless it is usual for the particular trade to ship the goods of the contract description unpacked) which is required for the transport of the goods, to the extent that the circumstances relating to the transport (for example modalities, destination) are made known to the seller before the contract of sale is concluded. Packaging is to be marked appropriately.B9 Inspection of goodsThe buyer must pay the costs of any pre - shipment inspection except when such inspection is mandated by the authorities of the country of export.A10 Otber obligationsThe seller must render the buyer at the latters request, risk and expense, every assistance in obtaining any documents or equivalent electronic messages (other than those mentioned in A8) issued or transmitted m the country of shipment and/or of originwhich the buyer may require for the import of the goods and, where necessary, for their transit through any country.The seller must provide the buyer, upon request, with the necessary information for procuring insurance.B10 Other obligationThe buyer must pay all costs and charges incurred in obtaining the documents or equivalent electronic messages mentioned in A10 and reimburse those incurred by the seller in rendering his assistance in accordance therewith.

国际贸易术语FOB

FOB价格术语，即装运港船上交货价。FOB为英文“FreeonBoard”的缩写。FOB......（PortofShipment)，此价格术语后面列明装运港的名称，，故俗称为“离岸价”，其买卖双方责任划分如下：＊卖方责任（1）在指定的装运港和期限内将货物交到买方指定的船上，并及时通知买方；（2）负担直至货物越过船舷时为止的一切费用及风险，包括出口捐税、检验费、出口许可证费和其它为装船而必须履行的手续费用；（3）自费提供货物的习惯包装和证明货物已交到指定船只的船边的清洁提单；（4）应买方请求并由其负担费用，提供原产地证明书，以及在买方负担费用和风险情况下，协助买方取得提单和货物输入国、过境国所需的由装运国或原产国签发的其它单证。＊买方责任（1）自费租船订舱，并将船名、装货泊位及装船日期通知卖方；（2）负担自货物越过船舷时起的一切费用及风险，并按合同规定支付价金；（3）负担由于买方未能及时指定船只，或指定的船只未能在指定期限到达，或虽到达但未能承载货物等类似原因所产生的一切额外费用，以及自有关的规定期限或交货期期满之日起的货物的一切风险，但以货物确定为合同货物者为限；（4）支付在卖方责任中（4）的情况下，因领取所列单证，包括领事签证费在内的一切费用和开支。

本文标签：fob贸易术语

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